Neurological Differences Between Early Humans and Modern Humans
The human brain has gone through major transformations throughout evolution. Early human species and modern humans share the same general structure, but their brains differ greatly in volume, neural connections, and cognitive capacity. These neurological differences developed gradually and mark the transition from early tool-using hominins to fully modern humans. One of the most profound changes that have occurred in human evolution is brain size, which has increased. The bra
Ada Özel
Dec 20, 20253 min read
The Pathology of Sadism
Sadism refers to deriving pleasure from the pain or suffering of others. Some individuals actively inflict harm, while others are satisfied by merely observing it. This harm may manifest in physical, emotional, psychological, or sexual forms. In everyday contexts, individuals with sadistic tendencies may attempt to control others, publicly humiliate them, or misuse power to cause harm. Sadism frequently co-occurs with other personality traits, including psychopathy, narcissis
Ada Özel
Nov 20, 20253 min read
The Neurological Basis of PTSD
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after someone experiences or witnesses a very stressful, frightening, or life-threatening event. This can happen after accidents, abuse, natural disasters, or war. For those with PTSD, memories of the event do not fade. It feels like the brain keeps returning to that moment, as if the danger never ended. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F14545805%2FThe_weaker
Ada Özel
Nov 20, 20254 min read
The Phenomenology of Inner Speech and the Diachronic Continuity of the Self
Inner speech—that subjective experience of silent, self-directed verbal thought—is recognized not merely as cognitive background noise but as a core component of human cognition, self-regulation, and identity formation. How, then, does this private dialogue sustain our sense of being the same person, moment after moment, year after year?
Eymen Eren Karagöz
Oct 4, 20257 min read
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